What Can You Expect on SAT Test Day A Complete Guide

What Can You Expect on SAT Test Day A Complete Guide SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When test day’s practically around the bend, what last advances would you be able to take to feel arranged? This guide will go over precisely what occurs on the day you take the SAT with the goal that you don’t have any shocks. Peruse on to realize what will occur at your test place, alongside an outline of the materials you have to bring. At last, we’ll talk about certain techniques you can use to manage nerves and feel sure going into the SAT. To begin, let’s discusswhat will happen when you show up at your test place to take the SAT. SAT Test Day: Arrival What would you be able to hope to occur between the time you get to your testing community and when you start in on your first area? For one thing, you’ll need to show up at your testing community - presumably your secondary school - somewhere in the range of 7:30 and 7:45. The entryways will open at 7:45 and shut down at 8:00 AM except if your confirmation ticket says something else. A shut entryway implies no more section, so showing up after the expected time isn't a choice. When you enter the school or testing focus, you’ll likely be welcomed by a couple of partners marking individuals in and guiding understudies to their testing rooms. You’ll show your affirmation ticket and ID and afterward discover your testing room. You may need to store your pack or coat in a storage or other assigned territory; other testing places just let you put your things under your work area. Once everyone’s checked in and sat down, your test delegate will pass out your testing materials, similar to your SAT booklet and answer sheet, and start to give guidelines. You’ll invest some energy rounding out distinguishing data, similar to your name and contact subtleties, just as tuning in to directions about planning and how to rise in your answer sheet. Contingent upon to what extent it takes everybody to get settled, these primers will take around 30 minutes to 60 minutes. Showing up atyour testing room will probably be the least demanding piece of a difficult morning, yet is there anything additional you can do to guarantee a nice beginning to your day? Tips for Arrival Maybe the most significant thing you can do that Saturday morning is show up on schedule. Getting to your testing community somewhere in the range of 7:30 and 7:45 is perfect. A lot prior, and you may work yourself into an apprehensive wreck as you lounge around in the parking garage. Any later, and you’ll be hurrying in late or, most dire outcome imaginable, miss your test totally and need to reschedule. So how might you guarantee a reliable appearance? In the first place, set your caution sufficiently early to give yourself the time you have to prepare (and really get up when it rings, as opposed to playing a round of chicken with your nap button). Second, make sense of to what extent it takes to get to your testing place and what the traffic circumstance resembles around 7:00 AM. Ideally, it will be going great on a Saturday morning. Furthermore, third, ensure you’re sure about route, both regarding how to get to your testing place and how to advance around the structure. Once more, for most understudies, this ought to be simple, as they’ll be trying at their nearby secondary school. On the off chance that you’re heading off to some place new, however, at that point you may do a test venture a couple of days prior. Getting lost on the morning of the SAT isn't a bad dream you need to understanding! Notwithstanding guaranteeing you get from point A (your home) to point B (your work area for the following 3 to 4 hours) easily, you ought to likewise try to tune in to all your proctor’s guidelines. Round out your answer sheet accurately so there’s no deferral with your scores. Don’t open your test booklet until advised to do as such. What's more, obviously, ensure your mobile phone is stashed and certainly killed. After everyone’s situated and traversed the first round of guidelines, it’s at long last an ideal opportunity for the principle include: taking the SAT. What would it be advisable for you to expect for the following scarcely any hours? The day of the air pocket sheet is at long last upon you. SAT Test Day: Taking the Test At long last, you’re prepared for the headliner - really taking the SAT. There’s no accurate beginning time for the test; rather, it relies upon to what extent it takes for everybody to get settled and your delegate to get past directions. That implies that understudies will begin in on their first segments between 8:30 AM and 9:00 AM. For simplicity’s purpose, you may expect that you’ll begin testing at 8:45. Your delegate ought to train you in all things, from when to open your test booklet to when to put down your pencils. Most delegate likewise give you a five or brief admonition, for the most part composing on the board when your section’s practically finished. When you begin testing, you’ll practically be engaged in for the following three hours, or four with the exposition, with only a couple of brief breaks in the middle of a portion of the segments. Here’s the specific structure to anticipate: Start with the 65-minute Reading segment. You’ll get five entries with a sum of 52 inquiries. Enjoy a short reprieve of 10minutes. You can extend, drink water, have a tidbit, and utilize the bathroom. You can’t utilize this chance to check your mobile phone or charge any gadgets. Sit down, and start in on the 35-minute Writing and Language area. Subsequent to Writing, your delegate will educate you to move onto the 25-minute Math No Calculator segment. Toward the finish of the Math No Calculator, you get a second, shorter break of five minutes.At the finish of this break, get out your mini-computer for the following area. Get the opportunity to chip away at your 55-minute Math area. For this segment, you can utilize yourcalculator. Now, you’ve been trying for three hours. It will be at some point somewhere in the range of 11:40 and 12:10. In the event that you’re not taking the article segment, at that point you’re all got done with the SAT! You’ll trust that the delegate will gather your test booklets and, when trained, you’ll be allowed to go. On the off chance that you are taking the exposition segment, at that point you’ll have an extremely short, two-minute break and afterward begin on this 50-minute segment. After time has been called, at that point you’ll be completely gotten done with the test. Tips for Taking the Test Expecting that you’ve effectively invested energy preparing for the SAT, there are a couple of different things you can do as you’re taking the SAT to play out your best. Essentially acquainting yourself with its accurate structure and organization, for example, will decrease any diverting shocks and assist you with realizing how to deal with your time. You ought to tune in to your proctor’s directions, yet in a perfect world, they’ll simply be a rehash of everything that you definitely know. Ensure that you just work on the assigned segment and don’t flip through the book. School Board is exacting with its rules; in the event that a delegate sees you bouncing ahead, at that point your scores could be totally dropped. I once worked with an understudy who flipped through the pages and wound up having her scores dropped. Since College Board isn’t prospective with its correspondence, she didn’t really realize her test had been refuted for several months! Don’t let this transpire. Another way you can benefit as much as possible from your test-taking experience is to exploit your break times. Despite the fact that they’re short, they’re significant chances to get up, move around, and re-invigorate. Simply looking and moving around will diminish eye strain and get your blood streaming. Make a point to remain hydrated and eat a solid bite to fuel such mental exercise. Likewise, make a point to utilize one of the initial two breaks on the off chance that you have to utilize the bathroom - you won't be allowedto leave the room between the subsequent Math segment and the Essay. At long last, make a point to know about your privileges and shout out if your testing community doesn’t respect them. You’re qualified for a calm testing space and two break times (or three with the paper). On the off chance that there are issues, or you don’t get your breaks, speak up!The SAT is intended to look at understudies on an equivalent playing field, so testing conditions ought to be reasonable no matter how you look at it. Once you’ve overcome the critical step of really taking the SAT,how is your test day going to finish up? It's nearly an ideal opportunity to celebrate... SAT Test Day: Finishing Up Your end time relies upon whether you’re taking the paper segment of the SAT. On the off chance that you’re not, at that point you’ll be done following three hours, at some point somewhere in the range of 11:40 and 12:10. You’ll trust that your delegate will gather all materials and afterward be allowed to leave the room. In the event that you are taking the 50-minute article segment, at that point you’ll have a brief break after Math and be totally completed around 1:00 PM. Likewise with the understudies who previously left, you’ll close up your test booklet and hold up until your delegate gathers everything. Once you’re given the green light, you can leave the testing community, walk out on, and return home or out for frozen yogurt desserts. Your last advance? Praising the way that you completed the SAT! Tips for Finishing Up There are only a couple of things to remember as you wrap up your test. To start with, don’t leave until trained to do as such. School Board is severe about test classification, so you don’t need to experience any issues. Ensure your delegate has gathered all test materials and advised everybody it’s time to go. On a comparative note, you shouldn’t quickly begin discussing the test with your companions. School Board denies talking about test questions and can drop your scores on the off chance that they heard that you advertised explicit inquiries face to face or on the web. These rules around privacy are another explanation that you shouldn’t turn your PDA on until you’ve left the testing place. On the off chance that you’re not taking the exposition segment, make a point to regard those understudies who

How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech free essay sample

Utilization of the word ‘victim’ is viable in building pity for Mayella, as it suggests that she isn't to blame for her incidents and is rather the powerless soul enduring because of conditions that she was unable to control. This pity is then utilized as a route for the attendants to feel an association with Tom, who, as Atticus brings up, is ‘a peaceful, decent, humble Negro who had the unmitigated nerve to ‘feel sorry’ for a white woman’. By reminding the attendants that Tom isn't so not quite the same as them, in that they all pity Mayella, Atticus relates them with Tom. Pity for Tom is additionally evoked, as Atticus reminds the members of the jury that Tom was just ‘a peaceful, decent, humble Negro’. Words, for example, ‘humble’ develops a picture of an unassuming man and plants a little seed of uncertainty about Tom’s coerce in the psyches of the members of the jury. We will compose a custom article test on How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech? or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Atticus additionally attempts to lead the jury to have sympathy for Tom by putting a little accentuation on Tom’s situation: ‘[Tom] has needed to set his assertion against two white people’s. In that season of racial preference, for Tom to negate any white individual was an edgy way, as dark individuals are normally thought to be in an inappropriate naturally, and hence, through helping the members of the jury to remember Tom’s declaration, Atticus is endeavoring to deliver feel sorry for Tom. The tone of the announcement additionally proposes that such an exceptional activity was not by decision; with the expression ‘has had to’, Atticus is implying that it was Tom’s final retreat, that Tom was constrained by the conditions to challenge the Ewells’s declarations. The proof is introduced to the jury in an unmistakable way: ‘There is conditional proof to show that Mayella Ewell was beaten viciously by somebody who drove only with his left and Tom Robinson currently sits before you, having made the vow with the main great hand he has his correct hand. ’ Here, Atticus is extremely unmistakable on the proof and rules out vagueness; he accentuates the way that Tom had just a single utilitarian hand, his right. The impact of this perception is incredible, on the grounds that it powers the jury to reevaluate; Atticus’s proclamation unmistakably plots that Mayella was beaten by a left-hander, an accomplishment unthinkable for the disabled Tom, along these lines strengthening a previous statement by Atticus: ‘The litigant isn't blameworthy, however somebody in this court is. ’ The tone in this claim adds somewhat sensational strain to the environment of the court and assists Atticus with picking up the intrigue and consideration of the crowd as they hold on to hear to whom Atticus has doled out the blame. The tone of Atticus’s discourse likewise gets another influential component. A case of this is seen when Atticus abhors the presumption that every dark individuals are liars and indecent creatures not to be trusted around white ladies: ‘Which, men of their word, we know is in itself a lie as dark as Tom Robinson’s skin, a falsehood I don't need to bring up to you. ’ The expressions of this announcement propose a somewhat mighty tone as Atticus attests that to generalization isn't right. Using comprehensive expressions, for example, ‘we know’, Atticus is likewise ready to bring out a slight sentiment of disgrace in the members of the jury as he in a roundabout way criticizes their partiality by inferring that they should have realized that their speculation of dark individuals was just false. Atticus attempts further to break this since quite a while ago imbued preference by telling his crowd that they are no different: ‘You know reality and actually this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are shameless, some Negro men are not to be trusted around ladies †highly contrasting. Be that as it may, this is a reality that applies to mankind and to no specific race of men. There isn't an individual in this court who has never lied, who has never done a shameless thing, and there is no man living who has never viewed a lady with want. ’ With this declaration, Atticus can show that Tom is the same in character to any other person and that the jury ought not permit bigot recognitions to impact their decision and cause them to pass judgment on Tom putting together their feelings with respect to how likely they think those about his race are to submit this horrible offense. Atticus later enlarges his supplication by taking note of that in a perfect world, equity is visually impaired: ‘But there is one route in this nation in which all men are made equal†¦ The establishment, honorable men, is a court†¦ in our courts, all men are made equivalent. ’ Atticus is imploring the members of the jury to view the case with a fair eye, reminding all that everybody merits equity, paying little heed to skin shading. His point, that ‘all men are made equal’, is additionally rehashed, to accentuate that a jury, or without a doubt, anybody by any means, ought not pass judgment on dependent on race, however on reality. Actually, I discover Atticus’s discourse amazingly incredible in that it is profoundly persuading. The control and utilization of the words is likewise extraordinarily successful, making the crowd feel precisely as proposed and before the finish of the discourse, one could scarcely question that Tom was really blameless of the offensive wrongdoing of which he was denounced.

Japan Essays (1727 words) - Empire Of Japan, Aftermath Of War

Japan The control of Japan was, from beginning to end, an American activity. General Douglans MacArthur, sole preeminent administrator of the Associated Power was in control. The Americans had inadequate men to make a military administration of Japan conceivable; so t hello chose to act through the current Japanese gobernment. General Mac Arthur became, with the exception of in name, tyrant of Japan. He forced his will on Japan. Neutralization was rapidly done, grounding of the previous magnificent powers was complet ed by mid 1946. Japan was widely fire bomded during the subsequent universal war. The odor of sewer gas, decaying trash, and the harsh smell of cinders what's more, burned flotsam and jetsam invaded the air. The Japanese individuals needed to live in the soggy, and col d of the solid structures, since they were the just ones remaining. Little survived from the powerless wooden casing, tile rooftop staying lived in by generally Japanese. At the point when the principal indications of winter set in, the occupation powers quickly assumed control over all the s group warmed structures. The Japanese were neglected in the first post war winter fuel was exceptionally elusive, a family was thought of fortunate on the off chance that they had a little scarcely gleaming charcoal brazier to cluster around. That following summer in irregular spots new ho utilizes were assembled, each house was normalized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 board feet of material so as to be fabricated. An end-all strategy for a futuristic city had been drafted, yet it was thrown away due to the absence of time before the following winte r. The a large number of individuals who lived in railroad stations and open parks required lodging. All the Japanese heard was majority rules system from the Americans. All they thought about was nourishment. General MacAruther requested that the legislature send nourishment, when they refus ed he sent another wire that stated, Send me nourishment, or send me projectiles. American soldiers were taboo to eat neighborhood nourishment, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the inadequate neighborhood gracefully. No nourishment was gotten explicitly for the Japanese durning the initial a half year after the American nearness there. Herbert Hoover, filling in as executive of an uncommon presidential warning board of trustees, prescribed least imports to Japan of 870,000 tons of nourishment to be appropriated in various urban zones. Fi sh, the wellspring of such a large amount of the protein in the Japanese eating routine, were not, at this point accessible in sufficient amounts in light of the fact that the angling armada, especially the enormous vessels, had been seriously pulverized by the war and in light of the fact that the U.S.S.R. shut off the angling g adjusts in the north. The most significant part of the democratization approach was the selection of another constitution and its supporting enactment. When the Japanese government demonstrated excessively confounded or too hesitant to even think about coming up with a protected change that fulfilled MacArthur, he had his own staff draft another constitution in February 1946. This, with just minor changes, was then received by the Japanese government as an magnificent correction to the 1889 constitution and became effective on May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a flawlessness of the British parliamentary type of government that the Japanese had been moving toward during the 1920s. Incomparable political force was doled out to the Diet. Cupboards were made capable to the Diet by having the PM chosen by the lower house. The House of Peers was supplanted by an chosen House of Councilors. The legal framework was made as autonomous of official obstruction as could be expected under the circumstances, and a recently made preeminent court was enabled to survey the lawfulness of laws. Nearby governments were given enormously expanded forces. The Emperor was diminished to being an image of the solidarity of the country. Japanese started to see him face to face. He went to clinics, schools, mines, modern plants; he kicked things off for open structures what's more, clipped tape at the opening of doors and parkways. He was directed to a great extent, demonstrated things, and continued murmuring, Ah along these lines, ah so. Individuals began to call him Ah-so-san. Suddenly the puybli c started to take this bashful, antsy man to their souls. They found in him something of their own conqured selves, power

Mr. Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle - Free Essay Example

Introduction Nursing practitioners with effective reasoning skills always have a positive impact on the patient’s outcome. Conversely, nurses with poor clinical reasoning skills have a high potential of failing to detect the impending patient deterioration either from drug-body interactions or normal â€Å"failure to rescue.† These issues have resulted in increased number of escalating healthcare complaints in the ever expanding population of seniors (Levett-Jones Bourgeois, 2014). According to Alfaro-LeFevre (2009), there are three primary reasons for the adverse patient outcomes experienced in almost all health care provider institutions. These reasons are: the failure to properly diagnose, the failure to institute appropriate medication and treatment and application of inappropriate management strategies of the presented complications (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2009). All these factors are directly related to the poor clinical reasoning skills. For that reason, Rubenfeld Scheffer (2006) suggests that education system must promote the recognition and management of deteriorating patients. Furthermore, nursing practitioners must be in a position to utilize different communication channels, a collaboration of inter-professional teams and escalation systems in order to achieve accurate and quality service delivery to patients (Rubenfeld Scheffer, 2006). One way of attaining this is by implementing the clinical Reasoning cycle (Levett-Jones Bourgeois, 2014). While putting this information in mind, this paper will utilize the Clinical Reasoning Cycle in reviewing and planning care for a patient named Mr. Jones.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Consider the Patient According to Levett-Jones et al. (2014), considering the patient is the stage of the Clinical reasoning cycle. In this stage, the nurse encounters the individual who is the recipient of the care and starts to gain an initial impression (Levett-Jones et al., 2014). According to Tanner (2006), this may happen as a result of hearing a report [handover] or by a notice when the patient is first observed (Tanner, 2006). Therefore, while conducting the first impression on Mr. Jones, it is critical noting that prior preconceptions and assumptions may have influenced some of the information in this stage. Furthermore, at this stage, the patient condition is viewed against the background of their historicity and within the institutions of care ability. Now, Mr. Jones 86 years of age was bought to the hospital after he was found wandering up and down his streets by a close neighbor. Furthermore, his limping and has a favoring in his left side. Blood strains are evident in his socks and paints. A skin tear is also visible in his left shin. Following this, he has been placed on bed rest for later assessment using X-ray to ascertain whether he has any fractures because he thinks that he fell over, but he is not certain about that. In relation to this, the patient complained of pain of pain originating from his left hip spreading down to the leg where he has a laceration following the fall.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Collect Cues and Information This stage involves collecting relevant information regarding Mr. Jones. Furthermore, it will involve reviewing patient’s information that is available in his documented history, nursing notes, clinical documentations and handover reports. From the reports, Mr. Jones is under medications such as Irbesartan 150mg PO daily. According to Drugs.com (2017), Irbesartan is mostly used in the treatment of high blood pressure (Ace Inhibitors) (hypertension). With this medication, it is clear that Mr. Jones has a history of hypertension. Additionally, he came in with Metformin 1000mg PO Daily. This drug is used in improving blood sugars and mostly in individuals having type 2 diabetes. For that reason, there are increased chances that Mr. Jones has type 2 diabetes. Also, he had Salbutamol metered dose inhaler 1-2 puffs every 4-6 hours and which is mostly used in preventing and treating bronchospasm in patients with bronchitis, lung related diseases, emphysema, and asthma. Based on the presence of these drugs more scrutiny is needed to define whether he actually suffers from any of that disease. Additionally, Mr. Jones had Symbicort Turbuhaler 160/4.5mcg 2 inhalations BD, a drug that is mostly used in preventing bronchospasm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Therefore, while combining the presence of Symbicort Turbuhaler 160/4.5mcg 2 inhalations BD and Salbutamol metered dose inhaler 1-2 puffs every 4-6 hours there is higher likelihood that Mr. Jones has a respiratory related disease. Finally, he complained hip and leg pain and which gives the reason why there are Paracetamols in his drug list. Paracetamols are mostly used as pain and fever relievers; therefore, there are increased chances that Mr. Jones may be feeling some pain on different body parts. Apart from this data, new information gathered from observations of Mr. Jones shows that: He 177 cm tall and has a weight of 125 kgs translating to a BMI of 39.9, Blood Pressure 165/95 mmHg, T 37.9C, P 105 bpm and R 24 breathes per minute. Additionally, Mr. Jones has a Pain score of 7/10, location located at left hip and leg. Other than these, he has three skin tear, a Waterlow score of 16, High fall score risks of 17 and GCS 14 having normal power in the right leg, mild weaknesses in the left leg. Finally, his pupils are equal and reacting in a sluggish manner. However, he has not opened his bowels for the last two days (BNO x Day 2). According to Alfaro-LeFevre (2017), it is important for the nursing practitioner in a change to recall some knowledge from Law, therapeutic, cultural context, physiology, and pathology in relation to the patient (Mr. Jones case). First, Mr. Jones wife died two months ago. This may be related to depression and stress resulting in lack of the ability to eat hence lowered bowel movements. Blood Pressure and hypertension are linked to the fluid status in the patient’s body (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2017). Additionally, Mr. Jones lives in a single Story House and which has two steps at the entrance. Therefore, due to the pain in his hip and leg, it may be related to the event where he was found wandering up and down his street by the neighbor. In the ward where Mr. Jones is hosted before an X-ray is conducted, there are standing orders that must be followed by the patients and the relatives or any individual connected to the patient. Before anything is done on the patient’s body, his children must visit the hospital, listen to the consent files and accept whether they agree on the procedures that the nurses and doctors aim to use on their father. Additionally, the nurse must inform the patient on all the possible medical procedures that will be taken to ascertain the real cause of the challenges and problems he is facing. These standing laws are to be observed as they will save the hospital from any possible law suits originating from human rights or family members.   Ã‚   Process Information According to Levett-Jones et al. (2014), all the cues and patient data collected in the above phase are carefully analyzed. Any aberration from the normal is identified and highlighted. Furthermore, cues patterns and clustered are recognized, inferences created and hypotheses generated (Levett-Jones et al., 2014). Simply, the patient’s situation is compared with previous clinical presentations thereby giving the nursing practitioner an opportunity to anticipate possible outcomes with regard to the available course of action. According to Alfaro-Le Fevre (2009), thinking ahead or rather predicting outcomes helps in knowing possible results of understanding certain procedures. Analyze the cues/Data to come to a stable understanding of Mr. Jones Signs and Symptoms. [Comparing the normal vs. Abnormal] Interpretation Normal blood pressure should not go over 120/80 and 140/90. Therefore, it is clear that Mr. Jones has high blood pressure. Furthermore, his skin tear is placed under category three where the skin flap is completely absent. Therefore, while following this information, the blood stains on his leg and pants may have originated from this skin tear. Also, Mr. Jones score 16 in Waterlow and which places him under high risk of developing pressure sores. With a fall risk score of 17, it means that Mr. Jones is susceptible to falls and therefore there is need to check the x-rays for any potential fractures. Mr. Jones has a GCS 14 with normal power in his right leg and mild weakness in the left. His pupils are equal however they are reacting sluggishly. A score of 14 implies that he is a having a mild dysfunction. This implies that his conscious state as a person has mild dysfunction. Mr. Jones is 177 cm tall and Weighs 12kgs. This means that his BMI is actually 39.9. According to World Health Organization, individuals with a BMI of 30 and over are classified as observed obese. In most cases, senior individuals and who are obese and hypertensive have a higher chance of having diabetes, eye problems and hear problems. Therefore, Mr. Jones BMI index opens a clearer path to securitizing some of the co-morbidities that he is currently suffering from. While still connecting Mr. Jones age of 86 with his BP 165/95 mmHg. Additionally, the patient had, T 37.9C, P 105 bpm, R 24 breathes per minute. Because the normal blood pressure is less than or equal to 120/80 mm Hg, then Mr. Jones is above the normal with 165/95 hence labeling him as hypertension. While looking at the textbook, the normal temperature is between 36 to 38, Mr. Jones’s temperature stands at 37.9 and which labeled as high temperature. On the other hand, the Pulse for adults should stand at an average of 70 (60-100). Mr. Jones pulse rate stands at 105. This implies that his pulse is way before normal. Finally, from the textbook, an older adult should have an average of 16 in his or her respiratory rate. While comparing his respiratory rate [24] and what is highlighted in the textbook, he may be suffering from tachypnea a condition where an individual suffers from faster respirations. Discriminate: This involves distinguishing relevant from the irrelevant information. Furthermore, it involves recognizing the inconsistences in the data in order to narrow down the information to levels where the gaps in the cues is collected. Based on Mr. Jones age, his temperature is up but, the nursing practitioner is not too worried about it. However, more concern is directed towards the Blood Pressure and the Pulse. For that reason, it’s good to check oxygen sats in the blood as well as the urine output. The text on the urine output will be to measure the glucose output.   This information will help in correlating the GCS 14 his individual level of consciousness. Relating the Cues At this sublevel, the nursing practitioner is expected to discover new relations within the information and cues. It also helps in identifying the relationships that exist between the data. For instance, Mr. Jones high respiratory rate, pulse and blood pressure may result in the experienced GCS 14. Furthermore, with a category three of the wound, the blood paints have a higher possibility of originating from this site. Also, all the medications that Mr. Jones came with to the hospital prove the fact that the mentioned co-morbidities of Asthma, Type 2 diabetes, Hypertension and Arthritis are evident. Finally, the fact that Mr. Jones bowels have not opened for 2 last days may be linked to two main factors. First, Mr. Jones wife died a few months ago, therefore, he may be suffering from loneliness and stress and which have a possibility of halting his digestion ability. Additionally, based on his current age, his digestion may be weak to digest the take away and frozen meals that he has been depending on. For those reasons, the bowel movements problems are more likely to be associated with these factors. Infer This involves making deductions while forming opinions that follow the logic by interpreting the subjective and objective cues. For instance, in Mr. Jones case, his pulse rate and respiratory rate could be higher based on the tension and stress that he has been exposed to in his old age. Furthermore, the wound may be breeding from lack of attendance. Finally, his blood pressure could be low due to the amount of blood lost through the wound. The fact is that his pants were wet with blood. Match Situations According to World Health Organization, elderly individuals are at risk of suffering from hypertension, diabetes and difficulties in bowel movement. For that reason, some of the challenges facing Mr. Jones are connected. Furthermore, as individuals get older, their body muscles become weaker and which exposes them to risks of fractures or falls. For that reason, the pain that Mr. Jones is experiencing in his hip may be originating from either a fall he experienced a few days ago. Following the fact that he’s old, there are increased chances of losing memory and which means that he has a potential of forgetting what happened in his life. Predicting the Outcomes Based on the nature of Mr. Jones, if he is not taken for X-ray scans, there is higher chance that the case of the pain in his hip may deteriorate. Furthermore, based on his condition, if he is not placed on fluids, there are increased chances that he may get a shock. To understand the nature of his bowel movements, Mr. Jones will be given some vegetable dish. The roughage will be focused on checking whether his bowels will open after getting exposed to fluids. Finally, due to his increased pulse rate and respiratory rate, Mr. Jones will be given behavioral therapy that will work in coming down his stress and depression levels. This is because, with hypertension and higher pulse rate, there are increased chances of facing challenges in breathing or even stroke. Cleaning the wound helps in lowering the bacteria and which works in reducing the pain originating from the wound.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Evaluation According to Levett-Jones et al. (2014), this stage involves the nursing practitioner re-evaluating the patient’s cues and the current status so as to determine the most effective nursing interventions and whether the patient’s condition has been improved. First, to lower the patient’s pain originating from the wound, lowering the infection has proved to be an effective intervention for the patient. It has initiated the healing process as well as lowering the pain experienced by the patient. After administering narcotics and antibiotics to the patients, another measure of the pain level showed 3/10. This score confirms that the pain has completely reduced. Secondly, offering fluids and treating the wound has worked in lowering the pressure and the blood pressure the patient was initiated exposed. Addition, use of drugs to control hypertension, diabetes and pulse rates were very effective in stabilizing the condition of the patient helping help to adopt a smooth r oute to healing. The X-ray proved that the patient did not have any fracture; however, the hip bone was somehow dislocated. Therefore, the physicians placed the patient under therapy to return the bones to normal. All in all, the interventions adopted by the nursing practitioners with help from senior doctors, Mr. Jones health status has begun returning to normal   Ã‚  Ã‚   Reflect on Process and New Learning Levett-Jones et al. (2014) place this last stage as a reflection stage. It offers a suitable opportunity to review the practice. This step provides a chance to refine the processes, change or improve the interventions. In this case, Cognitive Behavior Therapy will be included to improve the healing process of Mr. Jones based on the fact that he is a senior and has a chance of suffering from mental disorders and eating disorders. Next time, while dealing with such a senior patient, the first step will be including their family members into play. This will ensure that the hospital and the senior’s family work in collaboration in dealing with potential challenges that have a possibility of affecting the patient in future. Finally, if I had the skills in Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior therapy, I would have provided therapy to allow the patient to change attitude and emotions following the death of his wife. This would help in improving the healing process of the senior pa tient.

The First Person With Autism - 1834 Words

I grew up in Armenia, where, unfortunately, people with mental disabilities didn’t have a big role in society. The situation is changing to the better now, but when I lived there, there were no support groups for these people, no special schools, and the parents didn’t even hope that these kids could have a normal life. The first person with Autism that I’ve met was a little girl at my mom’s friend’s house. Being around 10 years old myself, I didn’t know much about autism or any mental disorders. All I knew was that girl was different from me, that she was too aggressive, and when she wanted to play with a fake phone, she started screaming until we gave it to her. My mom later explained to me what her disability was, and I thought she was†¦show more content†¦The society, regular people like me are also doing everything in their power to make the lives of people with ASD more â€Å"normal,† and to make the struggle with the di sease easier. I’ve also had the opportunity to work with a child with ASD during a â€Å"Spirits in Actions† event, organized by the accounting fraternity Beta Alpha Psi at USC. So meeting that little girl with Autism when I was young has sparked an interest in me about Autism, its treatment, and most of all, about the lives of those with the disease, which is why I decided to do more research and to write this paper about that disease. When speaking about Autism, the image that usually comes to people’s minds is someone who doesn’t interact with others, doesn’t show emotions, and is a genius in some field of science or music. Though this might by the true picture of a person with autism, symptoms of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder can vary greatly. The main characteristics of ASD are: hardships in social behavior, repetitive behavior, interests in a specific subject or subject area, which cause â€Å"significant impairment in social, occupat ional, or other important areas of current functioning.† ASD should be noticeable in the first couple of years of a child’s life. In the US, about 1 in every 68 children has ASD, boys being affected 4 to 5 times more than girls (nimh.nih.gov). The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders,

Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United...

Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States I. Early History of Anthropology in the United States 1870-1900 â€Å"The roots of anthropology lie in the eye-witness accounts of travelers who have journeyed to lands on the margins of state-based societies and described their cultures and in the efforts of individuals who have analyzed the information collected. In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, a number of anthropologists recognized that the practice of anthropology was intimately linked to commerce and colonial expansion.† (Patterson 1) There were essentially three â€Å"schools† of anthropological thinking by the First World War and after. The first, cultural determinism, maintained by Franz Boas and his students,†¦show more content†¦The second point, however, also deals with the fact that anthropology in it’s beginning was used for strategic information, which would latter be used in an attempt to justify the eugenicist’s ideological standpoint, but initially was used practically to more efficiently displace those standing in the way of manifest destiny. It is certainly easier to subjugate a person if you know something about them. A. Eugenics and Racial Determinism In the 1870s issues such as the progress of man and the development of civilization became important questions for contemplation. The 1880s was a period of intense discrimination against marginalized groups, based on gender, race, and socio-economic status. America had just emerged victorious from the Indian Wars and the Civil War is recent history, Western Samoa was annexed, and Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Cuba were recently annexed, but along with these imperialist ventures came widespread classism, racism, sexism and xenophobia, well documented in newspapers and other media from the time period. There were two events, according to anthropologist Thomas C. Patterson, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Anthropology Of Cultural Anthropology1370 Words   |  6 Pagescultural anthropology, which seeks to understand the purpose and place of the humans in this world. It will include anthropology as a social science, the concept of culture, and it would also introduction the human evolution and to archaeology, ethnographic field methods. 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Clouded Atmosphere Essay Example For Students

Clouded Atmosphere Essay Clouded AtmosphereThe concentration of the atmospheres main greenhouse gases specifically, carbondioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, have increased significantly during theindustrial age. These high concentrations are predicted to continue in the atmosphere forthousands of years to come. This increase in specially carbon dioxide, increases theinfrared energy taken in by the atmosphere, and warming the earths surface. The Globalmean temperature over the past 150 years has risen between 0.3 degrees C and 0.6degrees C. Climate changes that have been predicted are based on the continual rise inGreen House Gases. These changes include changes in: increase in mean surface airtemperature, increase in global mean rates of precipitation and evaporation, rising sealevel, and changes in the biosphere. There are many causes to the rise in Green House Gases in the atmosphere. Therise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is largely related to the combustion of fossil fuelsand cement production (Hansen). The increase in methane is do to rice cultivation, animalhusbandry, biomass burning, and landfills (Kattenberg). Nitrous oxide is on the risebecause of industrial sources like adipic acid and nitric acid production (Kattenberg). Other gases not mentioned above that have a small impact on the Green House Gasproposed problem, is CFC-11 and CFC-12, these Gases are know to the public as being abig source of warming, although catalyzing decomposition of stratospheric ozone, theydo not pose a great threat. Since the public was notified of these compounds inrefrigerants, spray propellants, and foam blowing; the atmospheric concentrations havedecreased greatly (Prather). The danger that all these Green House Gases put to the atmosphere is the increasein the infrared energy absorbed by the atmosphere. This extra energy absorbed althoughthought to only warm the earth also has a cooling tendency on the stratosphere (Peixotoand Oort). The affect the radiation has by this increase of Green House Gasesconcentration is also known as Infrared Flux at the tropopause (Wang). The modelsused to predict this information can also closely mimic the other layers of the atmosphereas well as the surface. Worldwide temperature measurements are carefully taken withmany variables in mind. Such variables would be urbanization of a region, aerosols,precipitation, and changes in temperature and clouds (Hansen). Usually the temperature isthe first variable that is considered when assessments of the world climate change aretaken, it is also very important to consider other data that is part of the climate systemalong the line of time and space. Some other sources of informati on are: tree rings, borehole temperature measurements in the soil, permafrost, and ice sheets, and measurementsof the mass of valley glaciers and ice caps. By looking at this material for the past 600years it has been determined that the warming in the twentieth century is greater over thistime period (Briffa). From paleoclimate studies it has been concluded that the Earths climate has beenaltered by more than just Green House Gases, but Inorder to find the effects of the GreenHouse Gases specifically, a study of records from the periods when the changes in theatmospheric carbon dioxide were much larger than those of our century. Large naturalvariation in the atmospheres carbon dioxide were found in the observation and analysis ofgas bubbles trapped in glacier ice cores, are correlated with glacial (ice age) andinterglacial climate change of the latest Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. These glacialperiods are associated with low carbon dioxide concentrations, and the interglacial periodswith high concentrations. When looking at methane concentrations within these cores,there was a similar correlation (Chappellaz). .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .postImageUrl , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:hover , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:visited , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:active { border:0!important; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:active , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeopathy (2683 words) EssaySome of the predicted changes to the Earths climate due to this continual rise inGreen House Gases are: increase in mean surface air temperature, increase in global meanrates of precipitation and evaporation, rising of sea levels. An increase in the surface airtemperature would cause rates of evaporation to increase, causing the water vapor in theair to rise. The positive feedback to the surface temperature increase is that is will lead toa more intense hydrological cycle, with more precipitation events (Kattenberg). Anotherpossible consequence of greenhouse gas induced climate change is elevated sea levels. The main cause for sea level fluctua tion is due to thermal expansion and the melting ofglaciers, both are responses to higher air temperatures. Measurements taken from 93 to98 indicate a melt rate from Greenlands ice sheet of 1 meter a year (Krabill). There havebeen measurements of the sea levels also, they indicate a rise of about 10 25 cm a year(Douglas). All of these predictions were made by constructing models that help scientistpredict the climate change if the Green House Gases continue to rise at a steady rate. Although scientist are fairly confident in these models there is room for error in thesemodels. Despite the gains there are a number of features of the climate system that arestill crudely represented in climate models. The models are restricted in their ability toaccurately represent terrain effects and to simulate processes that occur on a smaller scale. Other shortcomings in the climate models is their inability to actually portray the effects ofaerosols, precipitation, and clouds and changes in solar irradiance. For these and otherreasons there remains scientific uncertainties in model predictions, including uncertaintiesin the predictions of local effects of climate change, occurrence of extreme weatherevents, effects of aerosols, changes in clouds, shifts in precipitation, and even changes inocean circulation (Hansen ). Aerosols are a big concern for model analysts, because aerosols are a principlesource of uncertainty in modeling climate changes during the industrial period. Aerosolsscatter and absorb short wave (solar) radiation and modify the reflectivity of clouds. Botheffects are thought to decrease the abortion of short wave radiation by the Earth, coolingthe climate, even though the troposphere aerosols only last a day in the atmosphere(Charlson). Green House Gases are related to the warming of the Earth, but the future of theclimate is not yet know, or predicted. So many variables make up the atmosphere and itsclimate, no model can accurately predict the future. Natural Earth warmers like watervapor and clouds also contribute to the warming trend. The Earths records of ice agesand tree rings can only paint a very small piece of this huge picture. scientist are at adisadvantage because they are not able to see the Earths full past, as an instructor of mineonce said- they cannot predict th e future of climate patterns when they have only beenstudding the atmosphere for the last 100 years. Science

Xenophobia in Homers Oddyssey free essay sample

The greatest example of xenophobia in this book is in lines 148-153 on page 172. â€Å"So Odysseus moved out†¦ about to mingle with all those lovely girls, naked now as he was, for the need drove him on, a terrible sight, all crusted, caked with brine0 they scattered in panic down the jutting beaches,† In this scene in the book, Odysseus is woken up by Nausicaa’s maids playing in the river. When he comes out of the bushes and the maids take sight of him, they are frightened and they run away from him. They do this most likely because he is a foreign stranger and they are unfamiliar with him. They are also frightened because Odysseus appears out of the bushed naked. This scene reflects xenophobia because Nausicaa’s maids have an irrational fear towards Odysseus, who is a stranger. Nausicaa is the only one who does not show xenophobia because instead of running away like her maids, she chooses to stay out and confront Odysseus. We will write a custom essay sample on Xenophobia in Homers Oddyssey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This suggests to the readers that Nausicaa was raised to be a strong, fearless person. Although, Nausicaa’s quality proved to be a good one, in other cases it may not be. Had Nausicaa met someone other than Odysseus, the result may not have been the same. If the person she had met had ill intentions, Nausicaa could have ended up being harmed, which would have been wrong judgement on her part. For a reader, this might be an example of the â€Å"proper way† to act towards strangers. Becasue Nausicaa is a Princess, she shows an amount of authority, and also people might look up to her as always doing the right thing. If Nausicaa sets and example in this book people may begin to follow it.

20 Topics for a Speech about You and Your Life

20 Topics for a Speech about You and Your Life Inspiring speeches don’t just come to you in the middle of the night. It is a long process and will require a lot of patience, time and effort. However, the good news is that if you have been told to write and deliver a speech on you and your life, it won’t require a lot of research. Though that may be true, you still need to read about famous speeches given by people and get influenced. Examples of a few of these speeches are featured in 10 useful tips about famous speeches for a speech on you and your life article as well as our complete guide on creating your speech. So let’s get started, here are a few topics you can base your speech on: How Mistakes Can Sometimes Turn into Opportunities. Determination: The Key to Reaching Your Goals. The Importance of Stepping Out of Your Comfort Zone. How Organization Discipline Can Help Yield Opportunities. Reach The Heights of Success by Never Underestimating Yourself. The Importance of Selecting a Favorable Profession. How Your Spouse Impacts Your Success and Failures. The Power of Family and All That They Have to Offer. Why Giving Back to Society is Imperative for Your Success. Tips to Identify End Goals Make Life Easier. How to Find Your Purpose in Life The Importance of Appreciating the Good Things in Your Life. A Brief View on Your Father’s Impact on Your Life. How Setbacks Can Bring Positive Outcomes. How Trusting Your Gut Changes Your Life. Recovering from the Loss of a Loved One. Importance of Moving on Despite of Failures Self Confidence: Reveal the Power Of Within. Listening to Your Inner Voice to Achieve Success. Fight Obstacles and Never Give Up. You can write excellent and powerful speeches around these topics and tell people an amazingly constructed story about your life. If you are still a little clueless about the speech, here is a sample speech on one of the above mentioned topics. Sample Speech on the Importance of Stepping Out of Your Comfort Zone Today I stand here with great confidence and though some of you might assume that I’ve been doing this for a long time, it’s not true. I’ve never been much of a talent and things have never come naturally to me. Ever since I was young, I’ve been struggling with problems and if I hadn’t stepped out of my comfort zone, I would have never been where I am today. I’m not saying that you should put yourself in dangerous and complicated situations; on the contrary, this speech is to motivate you to act on the opportunities life throws at you no matter how comfortable you are in your life. When I was a child, talking to strangers frightened me. I used to stutter and was socially awkward. This proved to be devastating because I was unable to make friends. I loved playing football and my class-mates always played after the school was over. Luckily, a guardian angel, disguised as a teacher, once saw me in my state of loneliness and took it upon herself to correct the problem. After hearing what I had to say, she explained that the only way to achieve what you want is to go out and grab it. Though it took a lot of courage for me to get up and ask others if I could play with them, I realize that that was the nudge I needed to do great things in life. When I started studying, I was a bookworm and because Stanford requires good grades, my social life suffered between college years. Many people suggested that I should join a student society to bring out my confidence, I feared that my stuttering would make me lose what little self-importance I had left. As a result, even though I was flourishing academically, my presentation went poorly and it became impossible for me to participate in debates and other similar activities. However, once again, a teacher asked me to join a debate team and though I explained my dilemma, he encouraged me to be fearless and have the courage to change things.   That was the time when everything suddenly changed. By the end of my college, I was part of a team that won a lot of regional debating competitions for Stanford. When I graduated, I started working with a leading company and part of that is due to the self confidence that I had gradually built. My grades and internships did play a role but the final credit goes to my self-esteem. I have always been socially awkward, scared-to-speak-in front-of-people kind of a person. However, I beat all of my obstacles and this is why I am in such an amazing position today, being able to speak to you about my life and challenges. So remember to never lose hope within yourself and know deep down that you have the capability to achieve great things if you simply believe in yourself and have confidence. References: Albanese, A., Trissler, B. (1998). Graduation day: The best of Americas commencement speeches. New York: W. Morrow. Theibert, P. R. (1997). How to give a damn good speech. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. Text of J.K. Rowling’s speech. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2008/06/text-of-j-k-rowling-speech/ Text of Steve Jobs Commencement address (2005). (2005). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from https://news.stanford.edu/2005/06/14/jobs-061505/ Fletcher, R. J. (2007). How to write your life story. New York: Collins. Daniel, L. (1997). How to write your own life story: The classic guide for the nonprofessional writer. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. Pillemer, K. A. (2012). 30 lessons for living: Tried and true advice from the wisest Americans. New York: Plume/Penguin Books.

We See and Understand Things not as They Are but as We Are Essay

We See and Understand Things not as They Are but as We Are - Essay Example   Descartes believes that knowledge is a conviction based on reason so strong that it cannot be shaken by any stronger reason (Newman, 2005). We all claim to know many things. For instance, we know when we are happy or sad, when we are not well or when we are lonely. We know when we love someone or hate someone. Rarely do we pause to analyze how this knowledge has come about. We take these for granted and we also believe that we know these things. We see and understand things not as they are but as we are. Only when we ask ourselves whether we really know these things do we get down to examining the knowing. This knowing takes place through different means. We see and understand through emotions, perception, and reason. Reasoning has been used by most philosophers to arrive at the truth and is an important way of learning according to the TOK. The reasoning is not through logic; it is not automatic but comes through experience. However, reason does allow analyzing the situation deeply and taking decisions. The reasoning is a collective endeavor by which people construct meaning together by exchanging, modifying and improving their ideas and opinions (IBO, 2006). The reason is present in everyday decision making and problem-solving. When disputes arise, the appropriateness of the reasons for acceptance of the facts is important. The reasoning is the ‘common sense’ way of knowing things and it does not depend upon the limits of sensory observation (Ehman, n.d.). This faculty of ‘common sense’ has been granted only to human beings which means the power of reasoning rests with human beings. The Foolish Friend is the story of a king who groomed his monkey to be his closest aide, the most trustworthy and natural companion (Ashliman, 2002). One day while taking a stroll in the garden, the king asked the money to ensure that nothing disturbed while he took rest. The money kept strict vigilance and very sincerely too.  Ã‚  

The Tactics of Michael Collins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tactics of Michael Collins - Essay Example 97-98). However, Collins also knew that "something more was necessary than a guerrilla war in which small bands of our warriors [] attacked the larger forces of the enemy" because "England could always reinforce her army" (Dwyer, 1990, p. 64). The tactic that arguably won the war was Collins implementation of the Squad which, together with his extensive intelligence network, was able to systematically assassinate British agents and thus cut of Britain's main supply of information. Both of these tactics resurfaced several times throughout the twentieth century, most notable in the teachings of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara and Brazilian revolutionary Carlos Marighella, but the question remains as to whom Michael Collins had the strongest link. Guevara was, like Collins, involved in a fight on a largely rural island, and often stressed the importance of taking up the fighting outside the city (Guevara, 1961, pp. 1-2). Even though both relied heavily upon the tactics of the Flying Column, there was a significant difference: whereas Collins guerrilla force only existed in the attack, Guevara had an actual army that could gain territory and form lines of resistance. Furthermore, Guevara actually had a chance to win his war through military means, unlike Collins and his ever-reinforced enemy. Collins idea of carefully selected executions was not unknown to Guevara, but it was in no way a key issue in his tactics.Marighella was facing an entirely different scenario, and thus devised new tactics to suit his needs. Fighting in heavy industrialized Brazil, he regarded the urban areas as the birthplace and battlefield of the guerrilla force (Marighella, 1969, p. 12). Like both of the others he subscribed to idea of the Flying Colum n, but unlike Guevara it was an autonomous unit, leaping only into existence when call upon (Marighella, 1969, p. 4). Marighella had no prospects of a traditional military victory, and like Collins he relied on the hidden warfare of surprise attacks, kidnapping and executions (Asprey, 1994, p.1089-90).To choose which of these later models is more consistent with Collins' is obviously to choose the lesser of two evils. Guevara fought an entirely different enemy, but used the Flying Column with great success. Marighella again fought a different foe and implemented Collins' idea of selective executions, but with less success. It seems that Marighella has the most to share with Collins. Although he lost his war, he took the most important part of Collins' tactics and attempted to put it into practice. Guevara merely adopted the foundational idea of small-unit fighting; a concept far predating Michael Collins. The answer as to whether Michael Collins should be regarded as villain or patriot is to some extent answered in the final sentence of Fidel Castro's defense speech of 1953; "History will absolve me". An attempt to define any reformer as good or bad will always be biased by the outcome of the conflict and our own political stance. However, technically Collins was a patriot by the very definition of the word: he fought for (the majority of) his country. The fact that he won Ireland her

Christians Should Not Take Part In Sport Or Shopping Essay Example for Free

Christians Should Not Take Part In Sport Or Shopping Essay The important thing about this statement is that it can be argued two ways. Many people would see sport or shopping as a chore therefore related to work. Others would argue that it is a leisure activity and it is not work. With this in mind the church instated a law saying that all Catholics must attend mass on a Sunday. The Catholic Church itself has no laws or restrictions about shopping or playing sport on a Sunday. By tradition Sunday was the holy day separated and set aside by the fact the mass going was essential to the days activities. In The Old testament there is a saying in the book of Ecclesiastes saying there is a set and provide time for everything which basically means people should balance out there time between things. In todays society were everything is on the move and rushed priorities should be examined and people should use the gift of time wisely. God himself as many believed set down the day of worship. Sunday has three main important events, which coincide with this day. One: Jesus rose from the dead on this day.  Two: Sunday was the first Day of the week and the first day of creation.  Three: Jesus sent down the Holy Spirit On The Pentecost.  Sunday is also a day of celebration when Catholics come together to give praise to God and to thank God for what he has given all of them.  Sport nowadays has become big business for all involved. Among all the big names in sport no one objects to playing on Sundays because of all of the money involved. This is just a small list of all the sports that are being played on Sundays Although sport is played on money for reasons other the money many include because of TV rights and because of sponsors. Christians should not take part on sport on Sunday because sport is seen as work in the churchs eyes. Many values are expressed in sport such as sportsmanship, fairplay etc.  Shopping is the second of the changing faces of Sunday is becoming the most popular one. Many family lifestyles revolve around the parents work and therefore many parents only get to see their children at the weekends. The weekend is often regarded as the days to get the shopping done and many rely on Sunday heavily. Since seven day shopping was legalised in 1977, many have taken advantage over the law. Teresa Murray head of the N. Ireland Region Of Shopping Centres said Sunday Shopping has become like a leisure pursuit for families and has become an important trading day for people in business. Business provides a service and depending on the demand it either succeeds or fails and on Sunday nowadays shopping has become a demand so in order to make money business open for the maximum hours allowed which is six. Many working families dont have much time to spend so end up using Sunday to spend time with there children or getting tings that they could get during the week such as grocery shopping. All the added time spend on Sundays has increased the employment needed for Sundays. Bob Gourley head of N. Ireland Shop Workers Union said they had been opposed to the Sunday trading laws and had in fact boycotted them for many years but however hard they try Sunday trading has become a reality. Our workers only work on Sunday where it is done by agreement

Doctor Who, An Unearthly Child a Show About Time Travel Essay -- planet

What if you could live for a couple thousand years traveling through time and space in a chameleon ship exploring the universe while averting disaster? In addition to that, what if you’re always the smartest person in the room regardless of where you are? If so, then you would be the Doctor, well almost except the Doctor’s chameleon circuit board in his ship is broken so he has to travel around in a small blue police box called a Tardis, but hey no worries, it’s bigger on the inside. This is the setting for one of the world’s most famous sci-fi television series. If you already knew all this, then you are probably a Whovian or at least know one. Doctor Who has been around for 50 years and is now broadcast in 94 countries across 6 continents (Guenigault). Whovians have become as large as, if not larger than Trekkies. Because Doctor Who has been around so long, it has lead to a massive fan base, annual conventions, and many other fan activities. The first episode of Doctor Who, An Unearthly Child, aired on BBC One November 23rd 1963. (â€Å"WhovianNet†). The show was written about time travel, and focused around a man known only as the Doctor. Born on the planet Gallifrey, the Doctor is an alien Time Lord that is currently around 900 years old because he never dies, but rather regenerates. Not only does the Doctor regenerate, he also takes on a new humanoid body each time. After regenerating, the Doctors characteristics change somewhat, though his core personality of heroism remains intact. He doesn’t really know when this will occur until slightly before. This has allowed for several actors to fill the position of the Doctor without their own personality traits affecting the overall character. This leaves the show with the possibility... ...t time to grow. Works Cited â€Å"BBC News.† Dr Who â€Å"longest-running sci-fi.† News. N. p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. Booth, Paul, and Peter Kelly. â€Å"The Changing Faces of Doctor Who Fandom: New Fans, New Technologies, Old Practices?† Participations Journal of Audience & Reception Studies 10.1 (2013): 56–72. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. â€Å"BroaDWcast.† N. p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. â€Å"Chicago TARDIS.† N. p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. Guenigault, Matt. â€Å"Doctor Who: Guinness World Record for The Day of the Doctor.† BBC Doctor Who News. News. N. p., 24 Nov. 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. â€Å"Gallifrey One.† N. p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. â€Å"Guinness World Records.† Longest running science fiction TV series. N. p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. â€Å"Online Oxford Dictionary.† N. p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014. â€Å"The Rules of Whovians.† N. p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. â€Å"WhovianNet.† Forum. N. p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.

Geely Automobile

International Business Environment Analysis for Geely plc. 1 International Business Environment II Module title: International Business Environment (P13KL9) Module convener: Lei Li Title: Critical Analysis of International Business Environment in UK and Malaysia : A Project of Geely plc‘s Foreign Expansion Group Name List GROUP NO. ID NO. 6501184 6501425 6501559 6501825 6501972 6500420 6501843 NAME Chen Yiduo Wang Hao Yin Xiaoyun Wang Zheng Zhu Weixing Zhu Leizhen Wu Gaoying Number of Words: 4201 Submission Time/Date: 14th May, 2010 2 International Business Environment II Covering Note: Yiduo, Chen(6501184), Leader: ASEAN, Leverage the multinational institutions—ASEAN, UNNC Gaoying, Wu (6501843): WTO, UNNC Hao, Wang (6501425): EU, Leverage the multinational institutions—EU, UNNC Leizhen, Zhu (6500420): Income profile, Culture, Marketing analysis—Income profile, UNNC Introduction, Econography, Political risk, Assessment, Conclusion, UNNC Weixin, Zhu (6501972): Xiaoyun, Yin (6501559): Legal System, Exchange rate, Geely‘s Reacts, Recommendations, UNNC Zheng, Wang (6501825): Tax regime, Restrictions, Marketing analysis—legal system, UNNC 3 International Business Environment II Table of contents Pages 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2. ECLIPTER facotrs analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 2. 1Econography 2. 2 Culture 2. 3 Legal system 2. 4Income profile 2. 5 Political risk 2. 6 Tax Regime 2. 7 Exchange rate 2. 8 Restrictions Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 13 3. 1 WTO 3. 2 EU 3. 3 ASEAN 3. 4. Assessment of Geely’s overall international expansion strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 5. Marketing analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 5. 1 Legal system 5. 2 Income profile 6. Geely’s reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 7. 1 ASEAN 7. 2 EU 8. Implications and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 9. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 10. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 11. Appendix (Interview)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 4 International Business Environment II 1. Introduction Geely, the China-based auto company and one of the newly-emerged multinationals in the world auto market, exerts tremendous influences on the auto industry. This essay will conduct a critical analysis of the international business environment that the company faces. In the first part, the ECLIPTER factors including econography, culture, legal system, income profile, political risk, tax regime, exchange rate and restrictions, together with the multilateral institutions such as WTO, EU and ASEAN will be examined by using UK and Malaysia as examples. Then based on this analysis, it will provide an assessment of the company‘s overall international expansion strategy and process. In the second part, legal system and income profile, the two most important ECLIPTER factors on Geely‘ overseas operations, will be evaluated. Furthermore, the scheme which Geely used to deal with the impact of these two factors and leverage the multilateral institutions will be shown. Finally, this report will analyze whether the company‘s international adaptation of the business function is effective, and then give some recommendations and lessons. 2. ECLIPTER Factors Analysis 2. 1 Econography Econography refers to physical and human assets including distance from major markets, and natural resources of nations that affect industry performance. In the first, the close distance between parent company and foreign subsidiary can help the company to reduce the transport costs and overhead expenses; it also can improve the connection between them. If the parent company is in China, it is better to build a subsidiary in Asia such as Malaysia. Secondly, the natural resources used for making cars mainly include steel, copper, and aluminum. If the country owns rich mineral resources, it can greatly provide benefit in the production of automobiles. One of the major purposes for many multinational corporations establishing overseas subsidiaries is to exploit the foreign natural resources. This is good for companies to 5 International Business Environment II reduce production costs and get competitive advantages. As World Steel Association reported in 2009 that the crude steel production of United Kingdom is 13. 5 in 2008, whereas the crude steel production of Malaysia is 6. 1 in 2008. 2. 2 Culture This paragraph will analyze the effects of culture on auto industry through power distance index and saving rate. Firstly, power distance index measures the degree of inequality exists in a society (Hofstede, 1997). The power distance index is 80 in Malaysia whereas it is only 35 in UK (Hofstede, 2008). The unequal distribution of wealth makes most Malaysian citizens prefer to hold a commercial auto. So the inexpensive Geely auto could be a good option for them. Secondly, saving rate could be a standard to show the attitude of citizens. The saving rate of Malaysia was 47 per cent in the year 1998 which ranks second in Asia (Azia, 2004). In contrast, the saving rate in UK was significantly low, which was less than 10 percent in the past ten years. For instance, the saving rate of UK household in 2008 was only 1. 7 percent (chart 1)(Presser, 2008). So UK citizens are apt to consume a relatively high price car. Chart 1 Resource from Posser (2008) 6 International Business Environment II 2. 3 Legal system The auto industry has been affected by laws and government regulations since the 1960's. The first safety act passed in 1966 by Congress and was called the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (Highfill, 2004). This act forced manufacturers to improve the safety for the passengers, the driver visibility, and the braking of the car. Not only safety, but also environment is being growingly concerned even before the oil crisis. The Vehicle Air Pollution and Control Act passed in 1965 was the first act to set standards for automobile pollution. Then in the 1970's, Congress passed the Clean Air Act that led to a 90% decrease in automobile emission within the next six years (ibid). In the 1970's the oil crisis led to the approval of The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 which stated that all automobiles must meet a certain mileage per gallon. The act required that all automobiles had to meet a standard of 20mpg by the 1980 model and then 27. 5 mpg for the 1985 model (ibid). EU 2020 growth strategy also emphasizes the importance of low carbon automobile (Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, 2010). There are also many special laws for auto industry in different countries, such as Malaysia, which has built a free trade area for production and assembly of products for export-oriented enterprises. Companies can enjoy the minimum tariffs, raw materials and simplified mechanical equipment import formalities. Nevertheless, the Malaysia government regulates that more than 80% products should export to other countries (Daily News, 2006). Furthermore, the UK Byers Acts Measures to cut the average price of a car by ? 1,100 and save private car buyers around ? 1 billion a year. Although it may lower the profitability of auto industry, the number of consumers will increase gradually (DTI, 2000). 2. 4 Income profile Since automobile is not inferior goods, the demand of automobile would rise when income increases. In the economic aspect, income could be an indicator of the purchasing power of individuals and nations. Data from UK national statistics office (2010) demonstrated that despite the contracted 4. 9 percent of GDP in the whole year, the GDP increased 0. 4 percent in 7 International Business Environment II the fourth quarter of 2009. Furthermore, Household expenditure also rose 0. percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 in UK (chart2). For Malaysia, the GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4. 5 though the figure was negative in the whole year (chart 3) (Malaysia statistics, 2010). It can be observed that the economy of both UK and Malaysia seem to recover from the global financial crisis. This positive signal predicts the growing demand and diste nsible market for Geely in both countries. Chart 2 Resource from UK statistics 2010 Chart3 Resource from Malaysia statistics 2010 8 International Business Environment II The core competitiveness of Geely automobile relies on its high performance-price ratio. Per capital GNI (Gross national income) in Malaysia was 25784 RM in 2008. By analyzing the 2004 United Nations Human Development (UNHDP) report, except the 20% population of richest and poorest class, Geely will be a better choice for the rest citizens in Malaysia(chart 4) (Lumpur, 2004). In comparison, the young people account for a great amount of population in UK. A source from HMRC shows the average income of under 20 years is ? 9,570 and 20-24 years is ? 13,200 which is below the average (chart 5). It implies that when young generation decide to buy a car, price is the first consideration factor. For medium quality car manufacture companies, young population in UK could be a potential group of customers. Chart 4 9 International Business Environment II Chart5 Median Age Band Under 20 years 20 – 24 ? 11,800 years 25 – 29 ? 17,000 years 30 -34 ? 19,500 years 35 – 39 ? 20,100 years 40-44 ? 20,200 years 45 – 49 ? 20,300 years Resource from Lumpur (2004) ? 28,600 ? 24,800 ? 35,400 ? 15,200 ? 20,100 ? 28,100 ? 24,600 ? 34,600 ? 14,900 ? 19,800 ? 26,800 ? 23,600 ? 31,700 ? 15,500 ? 20,100 ? 23,900 ? 21,600 ? 26,700 ? 16,400 ? 20,100 ? 19,300 ? 17,800 ? 20,600 ? 15,900 ? 17,800 ? 3,200 ? 12,400 ? 13,800 ? 11,200 ? 12,300 ? 8,130 ? 9,570 ? 8,490 ? 9,810 ? 7,990 ? 9,250 Median Income Mean Income Income (Men) (Men) (Women) (Women) Income Income Income Mean Median Mean 2. 5 Political risk According to Guinger (2001), political risk describes the stability of government institutions. It can be measured in a variety of ways such as likelihood of foreign aggressio n and civil insurrection. The Transparency International (2009) showed that UK and Malaysia both face some problems of political corruption, which adversely affects the efficiency of economic operation. World Bank estimates that corruption could cost Malaysia as much as RM10 10 International Business Environment II billion a year – an amount equivalent to 1 or 2 per cent of GDP. The corruption in the UK is lighter than Malaysia, which ranked 17, whereas Malaysia ranked 56 in world in 2009 based on Corruption Perceptions Index 2009. But the corruption in UK is not unheard. Surveys by Control Risks and Simmons & Simmons show that the awareness of UK laws against foreign bribery may be decreasing over time. In 2002, after the act came into force, 68 percent of respondents said they were familiar with its main points. But in 2006, 48 percent people said that they have totally ignored it (Global Corruption Report, 2009). 2. 6 Tax Regime Tax regime refers to the tax instruments that governments use to raise revenues from multinational firms, such as corporate taxes. The tax of Malaysia is transparent, the multinational corporate must be taxed 30% of the corporate income which is just the same as Malaysia companies Marketing directory, 2005) According to the tax incentive treaties, auto ( . ndustry may be eligible for pioneer status which is given by the way of an abatement of 70% of the profits for five years (ibid). The remaining 30% of the profits will be taxed at the prevailing corporate income tax rate. The profits abated are exempt from tax and will be available for distribution as tax-free dividends. In UK the resident corporate tax is the lowest in Europe, even the tax is zero for t he small companies in 2002(Lawandtax-news, 2010). According to the tax treaties, multinational corporate which set up, purchase or control the companies in UK can follow the resident tax (Navstar, 2009). In the ordinary course of events, foreign companies cannot follow the low corporate tax, but with regard to double taxation and the agreement between UK and China, Chinese multinational corporates in UK now pay the low tax (ibid). 2. 7 Exchange rate Stable trade policies are extremely important for both the economic welfare of the countries and the multilateral trading system. Unfortunately, the liberalization measures were adopted by many countries. As Dornbusch‘s 1976 analysis has pointed out that when the exchange rate is used to provide protection for domestic firms, it is through undervaluation. An undervalued 11 International Business Environment II exchange rate protects domestic firms from imports and gives domestic firms greater incentives to export. For example, the Balance of Payments Committee of the WTO has received 39 requests from member countries for derogations from their international obligations and for a temporary increase in temporary protection. Moreover, several developing countries, such as Malaysia, have recently increased tariffs in response to financial crises even though the higher rates remain below the rates these countries bounded in the WTO. Moreover the analysis said China has become a great auto exporter, as a result of the huge subsidies, an undervalued exchange rate and dirt-cheap credit (Swaminathan, 2009). 2. 8 Restrictions Restrictions refer to the taxes and limitations that host governments place on foreign products and services or on foreign firms themselves when they enter or leave the host economy. Because of the policy of protecting their national automobile industry, the import tax of automobile is relatively high in Malaysia. Since 2004, Malaysia began to reduce the automobile import tax: for the import components the tax is reduce from 25% to 10%, and for the whole automobile the import tax is drop from 130% to 30% for the companies outside of Southeast Asia (MEI, 2009). In 2010, according to the agreement of ASEAN, the automobile import tax will be zero to all the regions of ASEAN. UK is a member of EU, it followed the economic agreement of EU which sets no import or export tax between members of EU and they must charge the same tax when they have business with the third country (European competitiveness, 2009). 12 International Business Environment II Scoring Analysis of UK and Malaysia Country Score Econography Culture Legal System Income Profile Political Risk Tax Regime Exchange Rate Restrictions Total (10) (10) (20) (20) (10) (10) (10) (10) (100) 8 7 18 8 8 8 7 7 71 7 6 16 15 5 9 8 9 75 UK Malaysia 3. Institutions 3. 1 WTO The major objectives of WTO‘s roles are ? the creation of a common automobile market through the elimination of barriers to intra-Community trade; the maintenance and expansion of a competitive world automobile industry; the use of voluntary import restrictions to prevent cheap imports and to maintain competitiveness? European Commission, 2006). For example, in 2006, WTO announced the establishment of a panel to examine whether China's tariffs on imported auto parts violate WTO trade rules, following a joint complaint made by the United States, the European Union and Canada, who accused China for its discriminatory charges on imported auto parts. After examining Ch ina‘s related regulations, WTO panel declared that China's regulations are inconsistent with China's WTO obligations. China has agreed to make the necessary regulatory changes by September 2009 (Herd, 2006). 13 International Business Environment II WTO facilitates Geely‘s international expansion since the elimination of trade barriers has cleared its path to world market and made it integrated to the world economy. In 2002, after China joined into WTO, 100 automobiles of Geely exported to Syria (Luo, 2005). 3. 2 EU EU functions as a rule-imposer. It sets strict requirements and institute rules and regulations to improve vehicle safety. Besides the vehicle crash tests executed by Euro NCAP (European New Car Assessment Program backed by European Commission), there are also some regulations set to protect the environment. First, in order to respond to the gradual aggravation of greenhouse effect, the European commission developed a mandatory emission standard to limit the emission of one major kind of greenhouse gas, CO2. The regulation set a fleet-average CO2 emission target for passenger cars, which is 120 g/km to be reached by 2015 (European Commission, 2010). The vehicle manufacturers must reach the CO2 emission target of 130g/km, with an additional reduction of 10 g/km to be provided by supplementary measures, such as the use of hydrogen fuel. A long-term target of 95 g/km to be reached by 2020 is also stablished by the regulation (ibid). This regulation will take effect in 2012. From 2012 onwards, vehicle manufacturers who do not meet this target will have to pay penalty for their excess emissions. According to DieselNet (2010), from 2012 to 2018, the penalties are â‚ ¬5 per vehicle for the first g/km of CO2; â‚ ¬15 for the second gram; â‚ ¬25 for the third gram; â‚ ¬95 from the four th gram onwards. From 2019, manufacturers will pay â‚ ¬95 for each g/km exceeding the target. Another congressional mandate imposed by European Commission requires tire pressure monitoring systems on all new cars in 2012. According to Europe‘s Information Society (2010), many road accidents resulting in fatalities and physical injuries are linked to tire defects. Furthermore, under-inflated tires can result in severely inefficient use of fuel and cause an extra two million tons of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere per year. So this mandate enhances vehicle safety and protects the environment. 14 International Business Environment II These regulations have incurred a rise in car prices since vehicle manufacturers are forced to increase price to offset the cost of upgrading. These regulations put Geely in an unfavorable position. Since Geely is better known for making low-tech and cheap cars, making eco-friendly cars is not included in the competencies of the company and huge R&D spending is inevitable for nurturing this competence. They set a high bar for the competition and limit Geely‘s ability to expand market in Europe. 3. 3 ASEAN ASEAN – Association of South East Asia Nations is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia. China and ASEAN are both newly-emerged, rapidly-developing auto markets. Cooperation in auto industry between China and ASEAN will bring a win-win situation for the two sides and make their cars more competitive in a global competition. For instance, according to Xinhua News Agency (2006), a report released by the Ministry of Commerce Indonesia has announced that compared to the expensive Japanese sedans, the China-made ones gradually gain popularity for more favourable price-performance ratio. ASEAN country also needs investment from Chinese carmakers to expand local employment and for more price-favourable cars, said a Germany auto expert at the China-ASEAN Expo, 2006. Consequently, in general, ASEAN opens its gate to Chinese car companies including Geely to achieve a win-win situation. 4. Assessment of Geely’s overall international expansion strategy Geely‘s current international strategy is to produce affordable automobile, so the market size and consume power of a foreign market are highly valued by Geely. Malaysia automobile market resembles China more than UK, in the aspects such as the people‘s income, the similar culture, and the similar geographical position, etc. As by now most cars have been exported to some developing countries like South-East Asia, Ukraine, Russia, and Mexico, Malaysia will be good choice. Meanwhile, although UK does not represent a neighboring or ? home‘ market, 15 International Business Environment II as markets in South-East Asia do, UK could be seen as an interesting market with a potential for higher margins, higher price levels and a more mature market for branding, technology, etc, as the UK‘s income per capita, and the automobile sales volume are higher than that of Malaysia. Considering the future international development, Geely should focus on UK. Therefore, at first, it is better for Geely to develop its ? producing automobile which most of people can buy‘ strategy in Malaysia, and when Geely is able to enter high-end automobile market, UK will be a better choice. In terms of multilateral institution, after evaluating the influence of international organizations, we suggest that Malaysia is a better choice for Chinese car companies to exploit new markets. Firstly, a win-win situation guarantees a favourably corporate relationship between Geely and ASEAN (Eichengreen, 2006). Secondly, there are various quality-related requirements and constraints in EU and probably NAFTA, which puts up a strong challenge for those Asian auto makers. Moreover, by far, there is no evidence to prove the acquisition of Manganese Bronze and Volvo have considerably increased Geely‘s sale in developed nations. Thus considering the opportunities and threats faced by Geely, it is recommended that the company emphasizes on developing nations‘ markets, rather than the developed markets. 5. Marketing analysis 5. 1 Legal system According to Alistair Darling‘s pre-budget report, UK will bring new opportunities for the low-carbon industries. Through the Innovation Investment Fund and the Carbon Trust's Venture Capital scheme, UK will invest at least ? 160m in low carbon projects (Guardian, 2009). They will also invest ? 90m in the European Investment Bank's new 2020 fund, which will put 6. 5 billion Euros of finance in green infrastructure projects. In this report, there are alterations to the climate change levy, company car tax, and fuel benefit charge (ibid). This is good news for Geely because now it dedicates itself to produce high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. In 16 International Business Environment II UK the amount of car tax depends on the price and the discharge amount for carbon, which is from 9% for electric motor car to 10%-35% for petrochemical car. UK also has a successful car scrappage scheme, which gives consumers a ? 2,000 discount off. If they scrap their old vehicle, it will help up to 125,000 families replace their inefficient boilers with new models (Julia, 2009). Through the government‘s support of low-carbon industry, Geely has more opportunities to innovate high-tech and eco-friendly automobile. Furthermore, because of the low tax and car scrappage scheme, customer is inclined to buy or change an electric motor car,. In 22nd March 2006, Malaysia published the new automobile policy (MEI, 2009). Since that day, the import taxes of CBU (Complete Built Unit) are reduced from 20% to 5% for the ASEAN members and 50% to 30% for other countries. The import taxes of CKD (Completely Knock Down) are 10%. In 28th October 2009, Mustafa Mohamed announced many new policies for auto industry which will give much more preferences and subsidies for the new energy automobile companies (ibid). . 2 Income profile It is known that the success of Geely relies mostly on keeping low cost and offering the affordable cars. For instance, Geely's best-selling four-door sedan, the King Kong, has been sold 6127 in April 2010 and the retail price is between 47,800RMB – 58,800RMB (Jiang, 2010). Geely sold 329,014 passenger cars in 2009, making it is the third largest domestic car producer (Zheng, 201 0). However, Geely's winning formula is under pressure in china because Chinese consumers are becoming wealthier; the higher-end models will gradually be affordable for them. Meanwhile, brands such as the Chery QQ, Ford Fiesta, and Honda Civic are threatening Geely‘s current market position. Geeky‘s winning formula is also challenged at the oversea markets like UK and Malaysia. Date from HMRC (HM Revenue & Customs) indicates that nearly 50% of the population in UK earns ? 16400 annually which is much higher than the middle class income of Malaysia. This group of population could be a dominant power in the automobile market in UK. It is not a wise choice to sell its inexpensive cars in UK considering that low price would not be 17 International Business Environment II attractive for these relatively rich citizens. The similar situation also happened in Malaysia which made Geely‘s low price cars less competitive. This is because that the predicted real GDP growth in 2010, 2011 and 2015 are 4. 7%, 5. 0% and 5. 0%, Malaysian people are becoming richer than before(IMF, 2010). Their increasing incomes will directly affect their car buying choice. People nowadays prefer the higher-end models and the market share of Geely‘s lower-end models are estimated to reduce gradually. 6. Geely’s reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER First, since the middle of 2009, the sales of car exports decreased from 37940 in 2008 to 6297. Furthermore, although Geely exports to more than 50 countries, most of them are developing countries which are not so effective in the promotion of the brand image. In order to get rid of low-end image, Geely changed its strategy from ? produce automobile which most of people can buy‘ to ? do not produce cars which price is below 40000 Yuan‘ (Fang, 2009). Besides, Geely take over Volvo which also expressed its desire to promote the brand image. Geely‘s strategy changes starts in May 2007, which is focus on transforming its competitive advantage from price to technology. In 2007, Geely used three new motorcycle type—Yuan Jing, King Kong and Zi You Jian, which have relatively higher value added to substitute the Haoqing, Meiri and You Liou. For doing that, Geely scraped its old molds, jigs and production line which worth up to 8 billion Yuan. In 2008, the sales of these three new auto types grew 12% without discount marketing strategy (Geely annual report, 2009). Furthermore, in 2010, Geely will market 21 new auto types, and some of them were designed by Fabrizio Giugiaro, the Italy‘s famous auto manufacturer. Moreover, the new energy auto will also be produced in 2010, which will include Panda and DiHao (Wenqing, 2010). These new energy auto types have been showed in the Beijing car exhibition 2010 (Phoenix auto, 2010). In order to deal with these two factors, Geely also has a complementary strategy: cooperate or takeover other well-known international auto manufacturers. It will not only help Geely to promote its auto manufacture technology, but also improve its brand image. Geely has already cooperated with 18 International Business Environment II Britain‘s Manganese Bronze to produce luxurious brand-named taxi (China car Times, 2010) and assembled cars with Information Gateway Corp Sdn Bhd (IGC) in Malaysia, 2006 (Tan, 2006). 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions 7. 1 ASEAN One of the stunning news in 2005 was the political barriers Geely met in Malaysia, which was considered as the biggest challenge for its overseas expansion so far. Geely‘s President Li Shufu described Malaysia as ? an unexpected trap? because of Malaysia government‘s rejection on fulfilling the contract. After examining the ECLIPTER factors of Malaysia market, Li Shufu and his team regarded Malaysia as the first pillbox and cornerstone of its expansion to ASEAN countries. He believed the learning in Malaysia could be helpful. Therefore, in May 2005, Geely has made a joint contract with Malaysia IGC group for building CKD factory in Malaysia. However, Malaysia government denied the contract after a new document on automobile being published. According to the document, all cars made by foreign automobile manufacturers were prohibited to sell in Malaysia. Then the situation in Malaysia went against its expection of getting a huge sale. However, according to Geely officials, to some extent, ASEAN agreements have made Geely to reconsider the importance of Malaysia (Harwit). In South East Asia nations, there are some strict tariff-related regulations for automobile industry. Contrarily, tariff among ASEAN countries is in a minimum rate. According to an inner-ASEAN agreement, from 2003 to 2009, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Vietnam exempted auto import tariff for each other. From 2010, all ASEAN countries will implement zero auto import tariff for each other. At the same time, Indonesia, Thailand and some other ASEAN nations‘ demand of cars is increasing considerably (JAMA, 2008). Especially after an impressive increase in 2007, the car-sale in Indonesia becomes significantly dazzle. Therefore Geely 19 International Business Environment II planed to only manufacture cars in Malaysia and then export cars to other ASEAN countries, which seems like a forward-looking plan in a long-term development. Finally, Geely decided to move its Malaysia CKD manufacture center to Indonesia. However, its vision of leveraging ASEAN to pursue a sale performance in all ASEAN nations has not changed. 7. 2 EU In terms of EU regulations, since Geely has acquired 100% ownership of Volvo, the Sweden‘s company, Geely is no longer an outsider of European market. According to the EU Single market concept (European Commission, 2010), a free circulation of capital, labor, goods and services between EU members is granted. Geely now have got over tariff barriers and competes as an insider. . Implications and Recommendations One of the strategies of Geely is to promote new energy automobile, there are two advantages for this strategy: Firstly, Geely can get powerful support from government since the development of new energy is encouraged by the government. Secondly, since new energy automobile is environmental friendly goods, it not only reduces the carbon emissions, but also decreases the expenses o n routine maintenance (Bond newspaper, 2010). However, there are also drawbacks, such as the inadequate facilities. Acquiring other world famous bands is the other strategy of Geely, which facilitates the company‘s global expansion. For instance, Volvo is well-known by its safety, which could provide Geely with a competitive advantage on its brand trust. It also provides a valuable, more upscale user image. Therefore, through merger or acquisition of international well-known brands, Geely can get greater international fame and advanced technology, integrate into the world market and attract more consumers. However, certain risks should be considered when Geely acquires Volvo. The first risk is that the culture conflicts between two countries. It has been reported that one of the hindering factors is that the union of Volvo in Sweden disagrees the acquisition for their reduced 20 International Business Environment II welfare and unemployment (Gasgoo, 2009). The second risk is that the value of acquired equity. It has been said that Volvo‘s vaunted reputation for safety has been challenged by other manufacturers which can also provide automobiles with same safety standard. In this case Volvo‘s ? safe? advantage may not be as competitive as before. 9. Conclusion To sum up, this essay has analyzed the ECLIPTER factors of Geely‘s two overseas markets, Britain and Malaysia, and examined influence of the related multilateral institutions. According to this matrix analysis, legal system and income profile have the most important impact on the auto industry. For multilateral institutions, ASEAN and WTO generally promote the Geely‘s international expansion strategy, while EU regulations are less favored in its expansion. Considering both ECLIPTER factors and related multilateral institutions, it is suitable for Geely to enter developing nations to acquire market share at its initial development. But for long-term development, Geely need to pay attention to research and develop higher-end models. With the development of Geely Company and the overall auto industry, Geely‘s focus will shift from developing countries to developed countries. Currently, Geely‘s low price strategy is challenged by the legal system and income profile of developed countries. Therefore, Geely is increasing its efforts in releasing new model cars and tapping into developed countries through merger or acquisition. Geely intends to promote its brand image and enlarge its market share through these strategic moves, although it has to face the risk of culture conflicts and the uncertainty of acquisition value. 21 International Business Environment II 10. References: Azia, A. Z. (2004) Malaysia-Encouraging Saving in a Dynamic Economy [Online]. Available at:< http://www. bis. org/review/r040115c. pdf> [17 April 2010] Bond newspaper (2010) (There are many advantages of new energy automobile but it needs improve) [online]. Available at: [6 May 2010] China Car Times. 2010) London Taxi‘s should now be renamed Hangzhou Cabs. [Online] A vailable at: [11 April 2010] Daily News (2006) 10 ,80% (Geely will produce automobiles in Malaysia, 80% should not sell to other countries)[online]. Available at: [25 April 2010] DEPATMENT OF STATISTICS MALAYSIA Official Website (2009) Population [Online]. Available at: [12 April 2010] DieselNet (2010) Cars: Greenhouse Gas Emissions [online]. Available at: [15 Ap ril 2010] DTI (2000) Byers Acts to Reduce Car Price [online]. Available at: [27 April 2010] 22 International Business Environment II Eichengreen, B. 2006) China, Asia, and the World Economy: The Implications of an Emerging Asian Core and Periphery China & World Economy / 1 – 18, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2006 [Online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] European Commission (2010) A Single Market for goods [Online]. 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(2009) Scrappage Scheme Bosst Continues As New Car Sales Up 31% On Last Year [Online]. Available at: [20 April 2010] Lawandtax-news (2010) Corporate Taxation for Multinationals [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Lumpur, K. 2004) 2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Luo, J. (2005) The Growth of Independent Chinese Automotive Companies [online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Malaysia statistics (2010) Gross Domestic Product [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] 25 International Business Environment II Marketing directory (2005) (the Summary of Investment Environment of Malaysia)[online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] MEI (2009) (the New Policy of Automobiles in Malaysia) [online]. Available at: [20th April 2010] Navstar (2009) the detail of the corporate tax in UK) [online]. Available at: [21 April 2010] Office for National Statistic (2009) National Projections UK population to exceed 65m by 2018 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] Phoenix auto website (2010) ( the new energy car showed in Beijing car exhibition) [online]. Available at: [5 May 2010] Posser, D. (2008) UK saving rate sinks to 49-year low as growth falters[Online]. Available at : [17 April 2010] Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (2010) EU 2020 growth strategy emphasises significance of low carbon automotive [online]. Available at: < http://www. eemsonline. co. uk/press_releases/08-03-10_3> [1 May 2010] Swaminathan S Anklesaria Alyar. TNN(2009) How India beat China in auto exports [online]. Available at [3 May 2010] 26 International Business Environment II Swee-Hock, S. (2007) The population of Peninsular Malaysia. [Online] Available at: [13 April 2010] TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2009) Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] UK statistics (2010) GDP Growth [Online]. Available at: [15 Apr 2010] Wenqing F. (2010) 21 Geely will market 21 new types of automobile, new energy car also will produce)[online]. Available at: [24 April 2010] World Steel Association (2009) WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2009 [Online]. Available at: [11 April 2010] World Bank (2008) Gross National Income Per Capita 2008,Atlas Method and PPP [Online]. Available at: [15 April 2010] Xinhua News Agency (2006) China Eyes ASEAN for Car Assembly, Export [Online] Available at: [18 April 2010] 27 Internati onal Business Environment II 11. Appendix An interview with the Geely official Distinguished guest: Mr. Zhao Jie, Vice President of Geely Holding Group, In charge of Geely‘s international business. Time: 28 April 2010 Location: Mr. Zhao Jie‘s office Selected Q&A: Q: How does Geely react to the EU’s high standard of safety and emission? A: The high standard in Europe is indeed a big challenge for us late-movers. However, we have investigated a lot on the R&D and have made some success. As our new motto cited, we will ? devote ourselves to produce the safest, most energy-saving and environmental-friendly cars in affordable prices?. In spite of the European standard, we will also investigate on those aspects. Besides, we have acquired Volvo, a company with best reputation on its safety and reliability. Volvo will bring us the experience and advanced technology in pursuing safety. Moreover, developing new energy is not only the trend of all car companies, but also all those energy-based industries. Under the support of our government, we are confident in making a breakthrough in this area. Q: Have you got any type or design which could achieve the standard? A: Yes we have. Most of the automotive types in our series-EC were produced based on the EU standard. Q: We know Geely acquired Manganese Bronze. How can you successfully acquire Volvo from Sweden and DSI from Australia? 28 International Business Environment II A: Firstly, I am grateful to the lead of our Party and the flourishing Chinese economy. China now attracts the whole world‘s attentions. As one of the best Chinese companies, Volvo has its own advantage. As we have emphasized, you could not acquire Volvo only by money. That‘s like a free marriage, not an obligatory acquisition. They have already accepted us. As a fast developing China-based company, we could give Volvo continuous capital support. Also, our promotion will make Volvo more famous in China. In terms of DSI, there are several parades of their employees due to the downsizing. The company is on the edge of bankrupt. People clap their hands to welcome us, because they see the hope. Besides, we have developed the technology of gearbox for about 6, 7 years, we are able to understand and accept the technology of DSI. Q: Will there be any problems caused by culture collision after the acquisition of them? A: I don‘t think it is a problem for us. Firstly, Volvo is an international company who will make decisions with a global vision. Although everybody loves their country, the asset of an international company is complex, especially after becoming a listed company. It depends on the structure of the asset. For instance, who do you think Toyota belongs to? The asset structure is global, in which Japanese capital accounts for only a small part. However, the culture of Toyota is still Japanese. We think the situation is similar to Volvo, whose culture will not be changed by us. Our relationship is more likely a brotherhood, rather than hierarchical relationship. What we need to do is communication, respecting and taking care of each other. Q: Will Geely transfer the entire Volvo product line to China? A: Automobile needs indigenous producing, R&D and sale, and more importantly, the maximum indigenous complement. So the current factories in Sweden and Belgian will be remained permanently. Q: What’s your opinion on the Malaysia event, I mean the broken of your corporation? 29 International Business Environment II A: Based on the evaluation of all aspects, including the demand, competition, income and wage level, even the political aspect itself; we believed Malaysia was our best choice to enter ASEAN. Malaysia had already accepted our contract; we even signed the contract witnessed by both governments‘ staff. You know Wu Bangguo, chairman of National People's Congress and Malaysia‘s head of Parliament have attended the ceremony. I don‘t know why and how they allowed themselves to make such a decision. They denied the unilateral contract which goes against WTO regulation. I don‘t want to talk about it anymore. Q: The Geely Panda is transformed to â€Å"Tobe† and being sold in Taiwan, it is said that the real purpose is the ASEAN markets. Can you explain it a little bit? A: Sure. Firstly, Taiwan has an advanced system in sales and service. We could improve our service, especially after-sale service. Secondly, Yulon Motor has abundant experience in overseas sales. This ? Tobe? has already being sold in Vietnam, and will be sold in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippine. Q: What’s your future plan? A: Except ASEAN, we have run our business well in many markets. For instance, AIS Company from Ukraine, our best agency, sold out 8000 units for us in Ukraine and made ? Exterior? the most famous autotype in Ukraine. Considering the geographic advantage that Ukraine possesses, we will build CKD factory there, in order to expand to Russia and Eastern Europe. We also have signed a contract with a Mexico partner to build a 130-million-dollar all-around industrial centre. Our plan is, by 2015, build 15 produce centers abroad, and sell 2 million cars, in which 1. 3 million will be sold in overseas markets. Contacts: Address: Suite 15E, West Tower, 668 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001China Tel: 86-21-53086111 53086126 Fax:86-21-53085062E-mail:[email  protected] com 30 International Business Environment II